{"id":273,"date":"2025-05-19T12:16:12","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T05:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vioba.org\/?p=273"},"modified":"2025-05-19T14:37:37","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T07:37:37","slug":"lam-the-nao-de-thich-ung-voi-mot-xa-hoi-gia-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vioba.org\/en\/2025\/bai-viet\/lam-the-nao-de-thich-ung-voi-mot-xa-hoi-gia-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00a0ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi. V\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng v\u1eady. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e0\u201d \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 60 tr\u1edf l\u00ean tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 56%; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i si\u00eau gi\u00e0\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean 65 tu\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 21% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u0103m t\u1ed1iv\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf, n\u1ed7i c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t an h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0, gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sau khi ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, m\u1ed7i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb cho t\u1edbi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Li\u1ec7u c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cg\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng\u201d c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 dai d\u1eb3ng, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i? V\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1edf kh\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Malcolm Fisk, m\u1ed9t Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Leicester\u02bcs De Montfort \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn. V\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t thu nh\u1eadp (khi ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u), nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n t\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111a ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n cao tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 cao tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0u tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cAbenomics\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u2013 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u2013 trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 An to\u00e0n cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a S\u1edf Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho 7.600 giao l\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vong \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m 21%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tham gia (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn), y t\u1ebf (c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c), gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean (c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi) v\u00e0 an ninh (nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd) \u2013t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Malcolm Fisk: \u201cTrong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00f2a cao t\u1ea7ng, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnhv\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Fisk nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u2026 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Danderyd, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf th\u1eddi l\u00e3o ni\u00ean. Jonas Sundling, Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Danderyd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u1ee7y ban k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt CEN\/TC 449, Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia h\u1ea1n hai n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5tt\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong \u1ee6y ban K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n SIS\/TK 572. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Malcolm Fisk, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t\u201d. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c do gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf IWA 18, Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m\u201d, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ISO \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean Nh\u00f3m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c (SAG) v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi BSI, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ISO t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c do gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. ISO \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ben Carson , th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a SAG v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho BSI, cho bi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3y l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n